VIDEO
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CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
A. Background
Education is a very strategic tool within
preserving the value system that evolves in life. Process
education not only provides participants with knowledge and understanding
educate, but more directed to the formation of attitudes, behaviors and
the personality of learners, given the development of communication, information
and the presence of print and electronic media does not always bring
positive influence for learners.
The educator's job in this context helps to condition the pesera
educate on the attitude, behavior or the right personality, in order to be able to become
agents of modernization for himself, the environment, society and
anyone encountered without having to distinguish the tribe, religion, race and
class. Education is directed towards humanizing human beings, or
help the process of hominization and humanization, its intent and implementation
the educational process must be able to help learners to become
highly cultured and high-value human beings (moral, character,
responsible and bersosialitas). To realize these achievements,
implementation of education should be based on a foundation of education
has the principle of learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and
learning to live together .
To achieve all that then in the implementation of educator tasks
need supervision, the purpose of supervision here is for educators
know clearly the purpose of his work in educating, regarding
what will be achieved from the implementation of the education. And
know also the function of the work that educators do. This is nothing else
helps educators to focus more on the goals they want to achieve
education and avoid the implementation of education that is not
relevant to educational goals.
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Every implementation of an educational program requires existence
supervision or supervision. Supervision is responsible for
the effectiveness of the program. Therefore, supervision should examine whether or not
at least the conditions that will enable the achievement of the objectives
education. Once we know the reality that happened as it has been
mentioned above, a detailed explanation is required and
detailed about the supervision of education so that educators can understand
how necessary and important the supervision of that education.
A. Problem Formulation
1. What is educational supervision?
2. What is the purpose of educational supervision?
3. What are the principles of educational supervision?
4. How are the techniques in the supervision of education?
B. Purpose of Writing
1. To understand the purpose of supervision of education.
2. To understand the purpose of educational supervision.
3. To understand the principles of educational supervision.
4. To understand the techniques in educational supervision.
C. Benefits of Writing
1. understand the purpose of supervision of education.
2. understand the purpose of educational supervision.
3. understand the principles of educational supervision.
4. understand the techniques in educational supervision.
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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
1. Definition of Educational Supervision
The concept of modern supervision was formulated by Kimball Wiles (1967)
as follows: "Supervision is the assistance in the devolepment of a better
teaching learning situation ". Supervision is a development aid
a better learning situation. This formula suggests that
supervision services cover the whole teaching and learning situation (goal,
material, technique, method, teacher, student, an envirovment). Learning situation
this is what should be improved and improved through activity services
supervision. Thus the supervision services cover the whole
aspects of education and teaching.
The concept of supervision can not be equated with inspection, because
inspection is more emphasis on power and is authoritarian, whereas
supervision is more emphasis on friendship based
service delivery and better cooperation among teachers,
because it is democratic. The term of educational supervision can be explained either
according to the origin (etymology), the form of his word (morphology), as well as the content
which is contained in the word (semantics).
1. Etymology
The term supervision is taken in the English word "
Supervision "means supervision in education. People who
supervise is called a supervisor.
2. Morphological
Supervision can be explained by the form of the word. Supervision
consists of two words, Super means upper, more and meaningful Vision
look, look, watch. A supervisor does have a position above or
have more positions than the person he supervises.
3. Semantics
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In essence the content is contained in the definition of the formula
about something depends on the person who defines it. Wiles on
brief has formulated that supervision as a development aid
learning situations to be better. Adam and Dickey formulated supervision
as a ministry, particularly with regard to improving the learning process
teach. While Depdiknas (1994) formulated the supervision as
the following: "The coaching is given to all school staff in order
they can improve the ability to develop the situation
learn better teaching ". Thus, supervision is addressed
to the creation or development of more teaching and learning situations
good. For that there are two things (aspects) to note:
a) Implementation of teaching and learning activities
b) Matters that support teaching and learning activities
Because the main aspect is the teacher, the services and activities
supervision should be directed more towards improving and
improve the ability of teachers in managing teaching and learning activities.
For that teacher must have that is: 1) personal ability, 2)
professional ability 3) social skills (MoNE, 1982).
On the basis of the description above, then the definition of supervision can be formulated
as follows "series of efforts to provide assistance to teachers within
the form of professional services provided by the supervisor (Supervisor
schools, principals, and other builders) to improve quality
processes and learning outcomes. Because of supervision or guidance of teachers
is more emphasis on coaching the teacher also "Coaching
professional teachers "that is more guidance on the effort directed
improve and improve the professional skills of teachers. Supervision
can we interpret as coaching. While the target of the coaching
can be for principals, teachers, administrative staff. But that being
the target of supervision is also interpreted by the teacher.
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2. Purpose of Educational Supervision
Good supervision will produce a good performance pattern, if
supervise is done by the right method and also, of course this
demanding the right knowledge also for the supervision in
perform his duties.
1) General Purpose Educational Supervision
a) Based on the General Purpose of Education Fostering those who
supervised into a "adult" human who can stand on his own.
b) Based on the National Education Goal That is fostering people
which are supervised to be human development people
adults and pancasilais.
c) Pursuant to Self-Defense Purpose In order to achieve the improvement of the situation
education and teaching in general and quality improvement
teaching in particular.
2) Special Purpose of Educational Supervision
a) Assist teachers to better understand the true purpose
of education and school planning in an effort to achieve
the goal.
b) Assist teachers to be more aware and understand
students' needs and difficulties and help
them to overcome them.
c) Increase the ability of teachers to equip and
preparing his students to become members of the society
effective.
d) Assist teachers to diagnose critical activities
activities, and the difficulties of teaching and learning of students-
and help them plan for improvement.
e) Assist teachers to assess their activities within
framework for the development goals of their students.
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f) Enhance teachers' awareness of the working procedures
democratic and teachers can learn together the notes
on student progress to assess the effectiveness of the program
arranged.
g) Enlarge the teachers' ambitions to improve the quality of his work
maximally in the field of profession (kepya).
h) Assist teachers in order to better utilize the experience-
his own experience.
i) Helping to popularize the school to the community
in order to increase the sympathy and willingness of the community to support
school
j) Introduce new teachers or employees to the situation
school profession.
k) Protect teachers and employees against those demands
unnatural and unhealthy criticisms of society.
l) Develop "esprit e corps professionalism" of teachers.
3. Principles of Educational Supervision
In performing his duties as principal supervisor
should rest on the principles of supervision. According to E. Mulyasa
the principles of supervision include:
1. consultative, collegial and non-hierarchical relationships,
2. implemented democratically,
3. centered on education personnel (teachers),
4. conducted based on the needs of education personnel (teachers),
5. is professional assistance
In the book Basic Concepts and Technical Supervision of Education essay
Piet A. Sahertian put forward the principle of supervision, among others:
1. Scientific principle (scientific), this principle contains the characteristics as
following:
a) Supervision activities are conducted on the basis of objective data
gained in the actual implementation of teaching and learning process.
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b) To obtain data need to be applied data recording devices, such as
questionnaires, observations, private conversations, and so on.
c) Every supervision activity is carried out systematically, planned
and continuous.
2. Democratic Principles
Services and assistance provided to teachers by relationship
humanity is intimate and warmth so the teachers feel
safe to develop his job.
3. The principle of cooperation
Develop a joint business or in terms of supervision 'sharing
of idea, sharing of experience ', giving support encouraging,
stimulate teachers, so they feel they grow together.
4. Constructive and creative principles
Every teacher will feel motivated in developing the potential
creativity if supervision is able to create a working atmosphere
fun, not through that way
scary.
While Oteng Sutisna put forward the principle in the implementation
supervision activities, namely:
1. Supervision is an integral part of an educational program
cooperative and inclusive
2. All teachers require and are entitled to supervision assistance
3. Supervision should be tailored to meet the needs
individual from school personnel
4. Supervision should help to explain the objectives of the targets.
educational goals
5. Supervision should help improve attitudes and relationships from
all school staff members
6. The responsibility for the development of the supervision program is on
principal for his school.
7. The effectiveness of the supervision program should be assessed periodically.
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Thus the principle of supervision is a very part
important to serve as guidance in the implementation of activities
supervision. In the implementation of the principle of supervision is very visible from the role
principal as a supervisor or internal supervisor for his school
in advancing and developing the school, so that it is there
guidelines. Principal supervision principles are expected to provide services
the good without any coercion to the teachers or personal.
4. Educational Supervision Techniques
To facilitate the principal in the implementation of activities
supervision is needed supervision techniques. Experts vary in
formulating the stages of supervision techniques but basically fixed
same.
Broadly speaking supervision techniques are divided into two parts,
namely: individual techniques and group techniques.
1. Individual technique
What is meant by the technique of the person is supervision done
individually, some of the activities undertaken include:
a) Hold a classroom visitation , Principal
come to class to observe how teachers teach.
In other words, to see what deficiencies or weaknesses are
it should be repaired.
b) Conduct observation visits , teachers
assigned to observe a moderate teacher
demonstrating ways of teaching a particular subject.
Observation visits can be done at school alone or with
make a visit to another school.
c) Guiding teachers about students' personal learning methods or
overcome the problems experienced by students.
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d). Guiding teachers in matters relating to
implementation of school curriculum, among others: preparing the program
semester, creating a lesson unit program, organizing
classroom management activities, implement evaluation techniques
learning, using media and resources in the learning process
teaching, and organizing student activities in the field
extracurricular.
2. Group Technique
The group technique is group supervision,
Some activities that can be done include:
a) Holding a meeting or meeting , A head
school runs its duties based on the plans it has
arranged. Termsuk holds meetings periodically with
teachers, in this case meetings held in order
supervision activities.
b) Hold group discussions , Discussions
groups can be organized by forming groups
teachers of similar field of study. In any discussion, supervisor or
the principal provides guidance, counseling,
advice and suggestions needed.
c) Holding up the training ( inservice-training ), this technique
done through upgrading, for example upgrading for
teachers of a particular field of study. Given that the upgrading is on
generally held by the center or region, then the task
The principal is managing and guiding the implementation
follow-up (follow-up) of the results of upgrading.
Thus the supervision technique is very important to be mastered by
headmaster, without the mastery of the technique in its implementation will not
runs well. Thus a principal will not be effective
supervision activities before mastering techniques in the field of supervision.
The supervision technique will further facilitate the achievement of targets from
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objectives that have been established, therefore the application of techniques from supervision
is a manifestation of the school's progress to flourish.
CHAPTER III
COVER
CONCLUSION:
1. Supervision can be formulated as a series of relief efforts
to the teacher in the form of professional services provided by the supervisor
(Supervisors, principals, and other builders) to use
improve the quality of teaching learning process and outcomes. Because of supervision or
the teacher's guidance is more emphasis on the guidance of the teacher
also.
2. The purpose of educational supervision is classified into two groups, namely:
a. General Purpose Educational Supervision
1) Based on the General Purpose of Education
2) Based on National Education Objectives
3) Based on Self-Defense Purpose
b. Special Purpose of Educational Supervision
3. Principles of Educational Supervision
In the book The Basic Concepts and Technical Supervision Techniques by Piet A.
Sahertian proposes the principle of supervision, among others:
a) Scientific principles (scientific), this principle contains the following characteristics:
b) Democratic Principles
c) Principles of cooperation
d) Constructive and creative principles
4. Broadly speaking supervision techniques are divided into two parts, namely:
individual techniques and group techniques. Individual technique is supervision
which is done individually, while the group technique is
supervision conducted in groups.
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